Wu said that Vitalik Buterin stated that the two main focuses of Ethereum execution layer upgrades are state tree restructuring and virtual machine adjustments, aiming to address the primary bottleneck of proof efficiency. On the state layer, EIP-7864 proposes replacing the current six-way Merkle Patricia Tree with a binary tree structure based on a more efficient hash function to shorten Merkle branches, reduce bandwidth and proof costs, and optimize storage access structures. In the long-term direction, he suggested gradually replacing the EVM with more proof-friendly virtual machines (such as RISC-V) to improve execution and ZK proof efficiency. The transition path may include initial use for precompilation, then opening contract deployment, and ultimately converting the EVM into a compatibility layer, maintaining backward compatibility while only involving Gas cost adjustments.